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In this section, we explore the critical support functions of MOUT which relate to the use of new sensor technologies in the domain. This is important because regardless of new technologies, the MOUT domain has its own constraints and complexities that must be understood and considered.
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Orientation to the environment and friendly forces. Navigation is a sizeable problem in MOUT, partly because the terrain is complex and relatively unknown, and partly because it can be radically redesigned by only a few mortar rounds. This creates complexity in maneuverability as well as definition of unit boundaries. Mobility of enemy forces is one of their most important assets. They use intimate knowledge of the terrain to dart in and out of buildings, passageways and attack from all directions. Limiting these tactics is key to engaging the enemy on our terms.
One of the most significant characteristics of MOUT is the difficulty in distinguishing civilians from combatants, since often there are no identifying characteristics before attack is made. Urban operations also puts incredible strain on the local infrastructure which in most cases must be mainained to support civilians.
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