Second International Symposium on Resilience Engineering, Cannes France, Nov. 9-10, 2006; see conference overview link
Submit 1-2 page abstracts by July 7 to Erik.Hollnagel@cindy.ensmp.fr
Re-Orienting Costs
(D. Tuzar & D. Woods)
This study shows how to use re-orienting cost as a measure of the quality of human-computer interaction for multi-task situations. The study includes designs to reduce re-orienting cost for car in-cab interfaces
[DEMONSTRATION, MEDIA-PAPER, DESIGN, METRIC, THESIS]
re-orienting cost mediapaper 10MB pdf
Model of Perspective-Taking and the Perspective Controller design
(A. Roesler, now at University of Washington)
A model of perspective-taking as multiple sensors and mobile robotic platforms provide remote observers with new ways to connect to distant situations. The model provides principles for coordination of multiple views from sensors/platforms monitoring remote locations. The model is illustrated by a 3-dimensional view control interface design.
[DEMONSTRATION, MEDIA-PAPER, DESIGN, MODEL, THESIS]
coordinating perspectives link
Patterns in Cognitive Systems Engineering
(D. Woods)
New book on results from CSE work.
[BOOK]
new book link
Coordinating Shared Perspectives
(M. Voshell & A. H. J. Oomes)
A new interface concept was developed and implemented to coordinate perspectives between multiple parties using a remote robotic system. A prototype was tested in a robotic search and rescue competition, and won. The system, built using a new framework for rapidly leveraging new navigation interfaces and remote sensor channels, allows us to take concepts quickly from simulation and implement on our robotic platform.
[DEMONSTRATION, REPORT, WON ROBOT COMPETITION]
HRI link
HRI site
Metric for Evaluating HRI Performance
(M. Voshel & F. Phillips)
Path analysis using fractal geometry provides a new metric for evaluating robot or human-robot team exploration. Simple measurements such as path length and completion times are particularly unsuitable for evaluating human-robot navigation performance in a complex environment with multiple tasks and competing goals. This class of space and time invariant metrics allow us to better analyze human robot exploration, interpret valuable behavioral information for analysis of movement efficiency, path tortuosity, and overall space utilization in relation to handler goals and overall environment characteristics. Not only is this metric valuable for post hoc analysis, but it also serves as a powerful cue to observability when integrated into robot operator displays.
[DEMONSTRATION, REPORT]
HRI site
Heads-Up in a Heads-Down World
(D. Tuzar & D. Woods)
Based on results on re-orienting cost, the model integrates factors that influence how attention shifts in multi-signal, multi-task situations.
[DEMONSTRATION, MODEL]
Human-Smart Camera Interaction in Visual Surveillance
(A. Morison, J. Davis)
This work is a new approach to human-camera interaction in visual surveillance by automatically learning scene awareness for a PTZ camera using low level event information (i.e. pedestrian motion). The learned scene awareness provides the camera a goal for moving or scanning around a scene (i.e. scan path) while human-camera coordination is accomplished through a single visualization which provides past, present, and future camera scan path information.
[DEMONSTRATION]
The Effects of Real-time Imaging Technology on Data Gathering and Analysis in Emergency Management (J. McGuirl)
A simulation-based study of Emergency Management personnel and Incident Commanders using a UAV video feed to assist in managing the response to an accident at a petro-chemical facility. FIndings address how commander decision-making and control strategies were affected by direct visual access to the operations area.
[STUDY, THESIS]
Layered CheckZone
(W. Elm, J. Tittle, D. Tinapple, D. Woods)
The Layered CheckZone concept applies CSE design principles to the problem of integrating multiple sensors and intelligent systems with a team of soldiers performing a common but important MOUT function: checkpoint operation. The Layered CheckZone provides a platform for understanding the challenges and exploring potential CSE solutions that arise when multi-sensor, multi-agent systems are teamed with soldiers conducting MOUT.
[DEMONSTRATION]
Study of MI Analysis Processes
(S. Trent, J. Grossman, E. Patterson, M. Voshell et al.)
A two-week study of military intelligence analysis in a counter-insurgency training exercise at the Army intel schoolhouse. Both an exercise in analysis as well as a study of analysis. Findings address information synthesis, cross-checks, connecting analysis to recommendations and inferring intent.
[STUDY]
Design Seeds for Information Analysis
(E. Patterson et al.)
Using findings from studies of analysis, collaborative envisioning mechanisms were used to identify promising directions and design seeds to support information analysis and comprehension. Combining many perspectives from around industry and academia, groups brought new insighst to tackle the challenges of modern intelligence. Design seeds looked at technology forecasting and information dynamics, workflows for analyst perspective representation, and the implications of mathematical descriptions of collaborative metadata.
[PROJECTS]
What is the Opposite of Creeping Featurism?
(D. S. Lee, D. Woods, D. Kidwell, H. Tran)
Creeping featurism is a process that produces complexity cumulatively and inadvertently as each individual module seems appropriate when considered on its own. The analysis of different answers to the question of what is the opposite of creeping featurism leads to a new strategy based on tracking fitness in an innovation landscape.
[BOOK in progress]
overview of fitness management pdf
Scenarios As A Tool For Collaborative Envisioning
(J. Schoenwald, J. Tittle, M. Voshell & D. Woods)
The animock serves as a collaborative envisioning tool resulting in new possibilities for sensor technology in MOUT (see url: http://csel.eng.ohio-state.edu/productions/xcta). Combining the Topic Landscape and a simulation engine under the animock design provides narrative to envision and describe inherent complexities in general work, as well as new insight into specific difficulties faced in MOUT.
[TOPIC LANDSCAPE, THESIS]
overview pdf
Assessing Resilience and Safety of Offshore Helicopter Transportation
(T. da Mata, et al., Jose O. Gomes et al., and D. D. Woods
A resilience analysis of offshore helicopter transport operations for a large petrochemical company in Brazil. The analysis identifies gaps created by goal conflicts, tradeoffs, and weak plans/procedures. The gaps are points of brittleness that can contribute to potential future incidents and accidents.
[PAPER]
offshore helicopter safety pdf
The Law of Stretched Systems in Action: Exploiting Robots
Podcast avialable at: HRI06 link
Plenary address at the Human-Robot Interaction Conference HRI’06, Salt Lake City, UT, March 2-4, 2006 examined new findings on how to coordinate activities over wider ranges given robots and how to expand our perception and action over larger spans through remote devices.
Podcast directions: get itunes, click subscribe at link to download to itunes, select the cover art icon at the lower left of the itunes screen to see thumbnails of the visuals, click on each to get full size (bug in apple's software; only thumbnails update automatically), none of the videos play given current software, click on the "widget" which is at the top of the itunes screen (just to the left of the search window and just to the right of the title/time left window) to get chapters (like song tracks) and jump around.
Resilience: New Paradigm for Safety Management
~ New Book
~ International Symposium 06 link
~ Studies
~ Health Care overview pdf
~ Offshore Helicopter Safety pdf
~ Measures
~ Cross Checks study pdf
Information Analysis and Comprehension: How to Escape from Data Overload
~ CPoD Consortium Activities: Converging Perspectives on Data
~ Studies
~ Design Seeds
~ Teaching Resources
~ CPoD Summer Institute
Integrating Diverse Sensor ‘Feeds’
~ Human-Robot
~ Military Operations (MOUT, checkpoints)
~ Emergency Response
Design Envisoning
~ Animocking and Narratives pdf
~ De:Cycle framework for collaborative envisioning pdf
Metrics
~ Complexity Metrics e.g. Fractal pdf
~ Events and Attention e.g. mUMP pdf
Patterns in Joint Cognitive Systems at Work
New Book link
~ Coordination and Miscoordination (see People and Automation theme)
~ Resilience and Brittleness (see Resilience/Error theme
~ Affordance and Clumsiness (see Design theme)
~ Generic Requirements
Designing Joint Cognitive Systems that Work
~ Seeing patterns emerge
~ Making sense of change
~ Coordinating perspectives e.g. link
Studies of Joint Cognitive Systems at Work
~ Discovering How Joint Cognitive Systems Work
~ E.g. Study of Analysis pdf
Systems Engineering: New Approaches to Engineer Adaptive and Complex Systems
~ Teaching Resources
~ New approaches to R&D
Why does design get trapped producing inadvertent, cumulative complexity in use?
A new project by D. S. Lee, D. Woods, D. Kidwell and H. Tran
Erik Hollnagel, David D. Woods and Nancy Leveson (editors)
Explores groundbreaking new development in safety and risk management, where 'success' is based on the ability of organizations, groups and individuals to anticipate the changing shape of risk before failures and harm occur. Featuring contributions from many of the worlds leading figures in the fields of human factors and safety, Resilience Engineering provides provocative insights into system safety.
James Reason:
'This is the most thought-provoking collection of papers I've read in a very long time. They are written by the best in the field at the top of their form. Resilience is a notion whose time has come. We cannot realistically expect to eliminate adverse events and still stay in business. But we can strive to achieve greater robustness towards our operational hazards. This book tells us how to do it and why it's necessary.'
Teaching Cognitive Engineering?
A new resource is:
Joint Cognitive Systems: Patterns in Cognitive Systems Engineering
Abstract from JCS: Patterns...
New technologies are fascinating, we thought, because more powerful automation would overcome human limitations and make our systems ‘faster, better, cheaper’ with simple easy tasks for people. Be prepared to be surprised—what you thought you knew about new technology and more powerful automation is not what happens. Research in Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) looks at the intersection of people, technology and work. What it has found is not stories of simplification through more automation, rather it has found stories of complexity and adaptation. When work changed through new technology, the real result was practitioners now had to cope with new complexities and tighter constraints. They adapted their strategies and the artifacts to workaround difficulties and accomplish their goals as responsible agents. The surprise was that new powers had transformed work creating new roles, new decisions and new vulnerabilities. Ironically, more autonomous machines have created the requirement for more sophisticated forms of coordination across people and across people and machines to adapt to new demands and pressures.
This book synthesizes these Patterns though stories about coordination and mis-coordination, resilience and brittleness, affordance and clumsiness in a variety of settings, from a hospital intensive care unit, to a nuclear power control room, to a space shuttle control center. The stories reveal demands that make work difficult, how people at work adapt but get trapped by complexity, how people at a distance from work oversimplify the complexities and squeeze practitioners. The book tells the story of how CSE observes at intersection of people, technology and work, how CSE abstracts patterns behind the surface details and wide variations, and how CSE discovers promising new directions to help people cope with complexities. The stories of CSE show one key to well-adapted work is the ability to avoid getting stuck and to be ready to revise—being prepared to be surprised.
A study of heads up-heads down conflicts by D. Tuzar shows re-orienting cost as a measure of performance with computerized devices for multi-task situations.
Download media paper on the study driving study/design link